During the 1904 St. Louis World Fair, John Philip Sousa and his band dominated the entertainment, which included a young John McCormack singing at the Irish Pavilion. It was an era when America’s musical superstars were not individuals with a hit recording, but band leaders – people with the ability to not just play, but compose, arrange, and direct a musical organization. In early America, the superstars were those who led marching Brass Bands, and though Sousa was certainly one of them, he was not the first. That honor goes to a man whom Sousa himself called his mentor and whom he acknowledged as matchless. He was a man who, in his day, was called America’s Greatest Bandleader, and The Musician of the People. Sadly, today few remember his name, though most know his works, and his life story would be a movie of epic proportions.
It began on Christmas Day, 1829, when a boy named Patrick was born to the Gilmore family in Ballygar, Co. Galway. After a difficult childhood, experiencing the horror of Great Hunger, he emigrated to America in 1848 at the age of 18. His love of music led him to one of the many Brass Bands popular at the time and he joined as a coronet player. He settled in Massachusetts and, in defiance of the local nativists, he proudly adopted the middle name of Sarsfield as a way of saying, You know little about Patrick Sarsfield and what he did to the Williamites but I do! He eventually became the leader of the Charlestown Brass Band, then the Boston Brigade Band, and finally the Salem Brass. In 1856, he started his own band, which he called Gilmore’s Boston Band, and began to change the image of American music.
At a time when the prevailing notion was the louder the brass, the better the band, Gilmore became the first major bandleader in America to conduct brass band arrangements of classics by Mozart, Liszt, and Rossini. When that made everyone sit up and take notice, he extended his repertoire to standard works, one of the most popular of which was his own composition, Seeing Nellie Home, inspired by his wife Ellen O’Neill, who was organist and choir director at St. Patrick’s Church in Lowell, Mass. Another of his compositions, written for a civil rights leader of the time, was called John Brown’s Body. Most will recognize that as the song to which Julia Ward Howe later rewrote the lyrics to create the Battle Hymn of the Republic. Perhaps his most enduring work was a military march that he wrote to the air of an old Irish anti-war song. Based on the tune, Johnny I Hardly Knew Ya, Gilmore created the classic: When Johnny Comes Marching Home Again written for his brother-in-law, Capt. Johnny O’Rourke from Limerick who was a prisoner of the Confederates.
Despite his great fame as a composer and band leader, his crowning achievements were organizing and directing two of the largest music festivals ever held. In 1869, he organized the National Peace Jubilee and later, the World Peace Jubilee. For sheer numbers of performers, nothing has ever surpassed that latter concert which consisted of 2,000 musicians, and a chorus of 20,000 voices. He brought together leading bands from England, France, Germany, Belgium and Ireland. The Irish band, by the way, was one he personally requested after England insisted on sending only one band to represent the Empire, of which Ireland at the time was a part. Gilmore told the Brits to send an Irish Band or stay home themselves. Such was the power of his name; he not only attracted the world’s best musicians and singers, but he even convinced the renowned waltz king, Johann Strauss, to compose a special piece, The Jubilee Waltz for the occasion and make his first trip across the Atlantic to conduct it himself. One of the highlights of the event was the performance of Giuseppe Verdi’s Anvil Chorus, with one hundred Boston firemen hammering out the rhythm on blacksmiths’ anvils.
Shortly after this triumph, Gilmore left Boston for New York, where he became leader of the 22nd Regimental Band of the National Guard. For the next 20 years he concentrated on developing what became universally recognized as simply the greatest band in the world. In 1878, he became the first American bandmaster to make a concert tour of Europe. It was a smashing success. He returned to New York, and took over P.T. Barnum’s old Hippodrome building, and renamed it Gilmore’s Concert Garden. It became the showplace of New York where he played nightly to a full house. If you haven’t guessed yet, when he moved on, it became Madison Square Garden. Everything this man did was colossal. He was musical director for the dedication of the Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor in 1886; in 1891 he was invited by Thomas Edison to record on wax cylinders, thereby becoming the first band to make commercial recordings and it was Gilmore who originated the tradition of ringing in New Years in Times Square which continues to this day.
He never forgot Ireland or his fellow Irish either. Acclaimed as an Irishman in American newspaper articles throughout his career, when Charles Stewart Parnell and Michael Davitt and their organizations needed to promote their policies it was to Gilmore that they turned not only for monetary support but more importantly for public endorsement. Gilmore included references to Home Rule in his Concert Programs and even wrote a Ballad dedicated to Home Rule called Ireland to England. He raised money for Famine Relief, Clan na nGael, the Annual Emerald Ball for Orphans, the Friendly Sons of St Patrick and spoke on the value of the Boycott to the Irish People always publicly and proudly declaring that he was an Irishman.
In 1892, Gilmore was named musical director of the Columbian Exposition in Chicago, but while on a national tour that year, he died of a heart attack on Sept 24 at 62 years of age. He was mourned by the entire nation and thousands lined the funeral route from his home on Central Park West to St. Xavier’s Church across town, and then to his final resting place in Calvary Cemetery in Queens. The great Victor Herbert said: that for the hard, but glorious struggle from the old bands of loud brasses and drums which made the most noise possible, to bands which interpret the works of the world’s great composers to satisfy the most exacting musician, most of the glory belonged to Gilmore.
It is sad that, although many still know his works, so few remember his name; yet sadder still is that many who do see his name on his compositions, don’t even know that P.S.Gilmore was Irish. Yet he was not only Irish, but one of the Irish who helped to shape America. His musical legacy lives on to this day despite the demise of his memory. Sadly, there are only four memorials in the world to America’s First Superstar: a street in St Louis; a Plaque in New Orleans; a Plaque in Ballygar, Co. Galway and the P.S.Gilmore Marching Band in the Restoration Village at Bethpage, Long Island, NY, despite the fact that no Irishman ever left so many footprints of influence. So this year, when the Waterford Crystal Ball drops in Times Square to the roar of thousands, remember Patrick Sarsfield Gilmore – the man who started it all.